  spichak-av-vestnik-ksu-2024-1.pdf |
- 6
- DIFFICULTIES OF THE DIVORCE PROCESS OF PEASANTS IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY (in terms of Tobolsk diocese)
- Spichak A.V. Difficulties of the divorce process of peasants in the early 20th century (in terms of Tobolsk diocese). Vestnik of Kostroma State University, 2023, vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 45–52 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2024- 30-1-45-52
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2024-30-1-45-52
- УДК: 94(571.12)”20”
- EDN: PRBEYI
- Publish date: 2024-02-14
- Annotation: Based on previously unexplored documents of Tobolsk Ecclesiastical Consistory, stored in the State Archive in Tobolsk, the difficulties that stood in the way of peasants to obtain permission to divorce were identified. The influence of large territories of the Russian Empire, including Tobolsk diocese, on the increase in the duration of office work and, as a consequence, on the aggravation of problems associated with divorce, is revealed. The dynamics of filing petitions for divorce for each decade from 1863 to 1917 is presented, the analysis of which showed that in the early 20th century, peasants, eager to change a spouse, applied more and more often, however, as ages before, only a few received positive decisions per year. It is concluded that most of the problems associated with divorce proceedings had remained unchanged since the previous19th century. It was found that in the early 20th century, more and more literate people, now able to sign documents on their own, appeared; however, ignorance of the laws led to an increase, in quite long time, frame for resolving marriage issues. Personal circumstances could also have an impact, and the diocesan authorities’ strict adherence to the letter of the law prevented them from entering into the position of the participants in the case.
- Keywords: Tobolsk diocese, Tobolsk spiritual consistory, peasants, marital breakup, divorce, difficulties, office work.
- Funding and acknowledgments: The research was carried out with the financial support of a grant from the President of the Russian Federation for state support of young Russian scientists – candidates of science (Competition – MK-2022), project No. MK-1840.2022.2
- Literature list: Jakushkin E.I. Obychnoe pravo russkih inorodcev: Materialy dlja bibliogr. obychnogo prava [Common law of Russian foreigners: Materials for bibliogr. common law]. Moscow, Univ. Publ., 1899, 366 p. (In Russ.) Maksimov V.Ja. Zakony o razvode pravoslavnogo i nepravoslavnogo ispovedanij i o razdel'nom zhitel'stve suprugov, s razjasnenijami Pravitel'stvujushhego senata i cirkuljarnymi i separatnymi ukazami Svjatejshego sinoda: Rukovodstvo k vedeniju brakorazvodnyh del [Laws on divorce of Orthodox and non-Orthodox confessions and on the separation of spouses, with explanations of the Governing Senate and circular and separate decrees of the Holy Synod: Guide to the conduct of divorce cases]. Moscow, Jurist Publ., 1909, 428, LII s. (In Russ.) Muhina Z.Z. Razvody v russkoj krest'janskoj sem'e v poreformennoj Rossii: gendernyj aspekt [Divorce in a Russian peasant family in post-reform Russia: gender aspect]. Vestnik RUDN. Ser.: Istorija Rossii [Bulletin of RUDN University], 2013, No. 1, pp. 49-63. (In Russ.) Nizhnik N.S. «Zhenit'ba est', a raz zhenit'by net»: o probleme rastorzhenija braka v Rossijskoj imperii [“There is a marriage, but there is no marriage”: about the problem of divorce in the Russian Empire]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii [Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia], 2012, No. 1 (53), pp. 27-33. (In Russ.) Rozanov V.V. Semejnyj vopros v Rossii [Family issue in Russia]. St. Petersburg, Tip. M. Merkusheva Publ., 1903, vol. 1, 312 p. (In Russ.) Smirnov A.G. Ocherki semejnyh otnoshenij po obychnomu pravu russkogo naroda [Essays on family relations according to the customary law of the Russian people]. Moscow, Univ. tip. (M. Katkov) Publ., 1877 (1878), 259 p. (In Russ.) Spichak A.V. Krest'janskie razvody v dokumentah Tobol'skoj duhovnoj konsistorii XIX – nachala XX vekov [Peasant divorces in the documents of the Tobolsk spiritual consistory of the 19th – early 20th centuries]. Nauchnyj dialog [Scientific dialogue], 2022, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 452-470. https://doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-1-452-470. (In Russ.)