  akbiev-as-abdusalamov-mp-vestnik-2023-2.pdf |
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- Legal proceedings of the Kumyks in the 18th – early 19th century
- Akbiev A.S., Abdusalamov M.-P.B. Legal proceedings of the Kumyks in the 18th – early 19th century. Vestnik of Kostroma State University, 2023, vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 7–11. https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-2-7-11
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-2-7-11
- УДК: 94(470.67)”18/19”
- EDN: DGWIKW
- Publish date: 2023-05-05
- Annotation: Based on the analysis of the documents of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan and special historical literature, the article examines the procedure of the court under customary law among the Kumyks in the 18th – early 19th century. According to the authors, there were organisations like merchant courts in large Kumyk villages, which is confirmed in the documents of Kizlyar commandant's archive. At the same time, court proceedings related to trade and debts were conducted with the participation of merchants, but according to the established norms of customary law among the Kumyks. It is stated that in the course of the social system evolution, the Kumyks had developed surprisingly stable system of consideration of disputed cases based on the norms of adat law. It is emphasised that during the period under study, the main type of evidence of a crime was an oath with accomplices. The authors come to the conclusion that the sentences of the adat courts were of a strict nature for everyone, regardless of the social position occupied by the defendant.
- Keywords: Shamkhalate of Tarki, Kumyks, adat, sharia, mehkeme, litigation, tyorechi, ullu-biy.
- Literature list: Abdusalamov M.-P.B. Kumykskie gosudarstvennye obrazovaniia v strategicheskikh planakh Rossii na Severnom Kavkaze v XVII – pervoi chetverti XVIII v. [Kumyk state formations in the strategic plans of Russia in the North Caucasus in the 17th – first quarter of the 18th centuries]. Moscow, Parnas Publ., 2017, 264 p. (In Russ.) Alibekov M. Adaty kumykov [Adaty Kumyks]. Dagestanskii sbornik [Dagestan collection]. Makhachkala, 1927, vol. 3, pp. 73-101. (In Russ.) Butskovskii A.M. Vyderzhki iz opisaniia Kavkazskoi gubernii i sosednikh gorskikh oblastei. 1812 g. [Excerpts from the description of the Caucasian province and neighboring mountain regions, 1812]. IGED. Moscow, Publishing House of Eastern Literature Publ., 1958, pp. 239-246. (In Russ.) Guseinov Iu.M. Nekotorye aspekty adata i shariata v zemel'nykh i nasledstvennykh pravootnosheniiakh u kumykov v XIX v. [Some Aspects of Adat and Sharia in Land and Inheritance Legal Relations among the Kumyks in the 19th Century]. Voprosy istorii [Questions of History], 2020, No. 2, pp. 263-266. (In Russ.) Kumyk (D.-M. Shikhaliev). Rasskaz kumyka o kumykakh [Kumyk's story about Kumyks]. Kavkaz [Caucasus], 1848, October 30. (In Russ.) Ladyzhenskii A.M. Ocherki sotsial'noi embriologii (vnutrirodovoe i mezhdurodovoe pravo kavkazskikh gortsev) [Essays on social embryology (intra-tribal and inter-tribal law of the Caucasian highlanders)]. Zapiski Severo-Kavkazskogo Kraevogo Gorskogo NII, t. 1 [Notes of the North Caucasian Regional Mountain Research Institute]. Rostov-na-Donu, 1928, vol. 1, pp. 151-185. (In Russ.) Leontovich F.I. Adaty kavkazskikh gortsev: Materialy po obychnomu pravu Severnogo i Vostochnogo Kavkaza: v 2 t. Vol. 2 [Adats of the Caucasian highlanders: Materials on customary law of the North and East Caucasus: in 2 vols]. Odessa, Tip. P.A. Zelenago Publ., 1883, vol. 2, 396 p. (In Russ.) Pamiatniki obychnogo prava Dagestana XVII–XIX vv.: arkhivnye materialy [Monuments of customary law of Dagestan in the 17th-19th centuries: archival materials], compiled, foreword and note H.-M.O. Khashaev. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1965, 268 p. (In Russ.) Russko-dagestanskie otnosheniia v XVIII – nachale XIX v.: sbornik dokumentov [Russian-Dagestan relations in the 18th – early 19th centuries: a collection of documents], compiled V.G. Gadzhiev, D.-M.S. Gabiev, N.A. Magomedov & all. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988, 357 p. (In Russ.) Semenov N. Tuzemtsy Severo-Vostochnogo Kavkaza [Natives of the North-Eastern Caucasus]. St. Petersburg, Tip. A. Khomskogo Publ., 1895, 487 p. (In Russ.)