  saraeva-el-vestnik-2021-4-ru.pdf |
- 3
- The perception of the basic state laws by the Constitutional Democrats during the work of the first State Duma: the ideas of Vasily Maklakov
- Saraeva E.L. The perception of the basic state laws by the Constitutional Democrats during the work of the first State Duma: the ideas of Vasily Maklakov. Vestnik of Kostroma State University, 2021, vol. 27, № 4, pp. 17-26 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-4-17-26
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-4-17-26
- УДК: 94(470)”1906”
- Publish date: 2021-11-14
- Annotation: The article gives an interpretation of the ideas of the liberal politician Vasily Maklakov on the Basic State Laws of 1906. He assessed these laws as the Russian Constitution of 1906. Vasily Maklakov gave an interpretation of the relationship between the Constitutional Democrats and the government in connection with the restriction of the rights of the State Duma. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the perception by the Constitutional Democrats of the Basic Russian Laws as amended on April 23, 1906. Sources on the topic include the texts of the leaders of the K-D Party – the memoirs of Vasily Maklakov and Pavel Milyukov, Maxim Vinaver, as well as the Basic State Laws of 1906, materials of the III Congress of the K-D Party. The article reveals the political views of Vasily Maklakov, characterises his communicative culture, the views of the lawyer about the reasons for the illegal actions of the Constitutional Democrats in the First State Duma, the origins of their conflict with the government. An analysis of Vasily Maklakov's ideas about the degree of constitutionality of the government's steps towards the Duma in 1906 is given, his judgements about autocracy, law and order, the need to form a parliamentary culture of deputies are revealed. It is proved that Vasily Maklakov criticised the tactics of the Constitutional Democrats s in the First State Duma in the context of the idea of legality. He saw the main mistake of his fellow party members in their ignoring of a number of legal norms prescribed in the Basic Laws.
- Keywords: Constitutional Democrats, Russian liberalism, Vasily Maklakov, Pavel Milyukov, Maxim Vinaver, I State Duma, Basic laws of 1906, Russian parliamentarism, Vasily Shulgin, III Congress of Constitutional Democracy Party.
- Literature list: Adamovich G. Vasilii Alekseevich Maklakov. Politik, iurist, chelovek [Vasilii Alekseevich Maklakov. Politician, lawyer, person]. Parizh, 1959, 268 p. (In Russ.) Aronov D.V. Zakonotvorcheskaia deiatel'nost' rossiiskikh liberalov v Gosudarstvennoi dume v (1906–1917 gg.) [Legislative activity of Russian liberals in the State Duma (1906–1917)]. Moscow, Izdatel'skaia gruppa “Iuristˮ Publ., 2005, 413 p. (In Russ.) Budnitskii O.V. Netipichnyi Maklakov [Atypical Maklakov]. Otechestvennaia istoriia [Russian history], 1999a, № 2, pp. 12–26. (In Russ.) Budnitskii O.V. Netipichnyi Maklakov [Atypical Maklakov]. Otechestvennaia istoriia [Russian history], 1999b, № 3, pp. 64–80. (In Russ.) Budnitskii O.V. Maklakov i Miliukov: dva vzgliada na russkii liberalizm [Two views on Russian liberalism]. Liberalizm v Rossii: istoricheskie sud'by i perspektivy [Liberalism in Russia: historical destinies and prospects]. Moscow, 1999v, pp. 416–428. (In Russ.) Budnitskii O.V. V.A. Maklakov i V.V. Shul'gin: druz'ia-protivniki [V.A. Maklakov and V.V. Shul'gin: friends-opponents]. Spor o Rossii: V.A. Maklakov – V.V. Shul'gin. Perepiska 1919–1939 gg. [Dispute about Russia: V.A. Maklakov – V.V. Shul'gin. Correspondence 1919–1939]. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2012, pp. 5–42. (In Russ.) Vinaver M.M. Konflikty v pervoi Dume [Conflicts in the first Duma]. SPb., Kn. skl. V.S. Solov'evoi i V.G. Nikol'skoi Publ., 1907, 184 p. (In Russ.) Gaida F.A. Vlast' i obshchestvennost' v Rossii: dialog o puti politicheskogo razvitiia (1907–1917) [Power and the public in Russia: dialogue on the path of political development]. Moscow, Russkii fond sodeistviia obrazovaniiu i nauki Publ., 2016, 604 p. (In Russ.) Gaida F.A. V.A. Maklakov. Standartnaia nestandartnost' [Standard non-standard]. Polilog [Polylog], 2019, vol. 2, iss. 3. (In Russ.) Dedkov N.I. Konservativnyi liberalizm Vasiliia Maklakova [The conservative liberalism of Vasily Maklakov]. Moscow, AIRO-KhKh Publ., 2005, 223 p. (In Russ.) Istoriia deiatel'nosti pervykh Gosudarstvennykh dum dorevoliutsionnoi Rossii: sravnitel'nyi analiz traditsii i tvorchestva [The history of the activities of the first State dumas of pre-revolutionary Russia: a comparative analysis of traditions and creativity], K.A. Solov'ev, V.V. Shelokhaev. Moscow, Izdanie Gosudarstvennoi dumy Publ., 2013, 240 p. (In Russ.) Kocheshkov G.N., Saraeva E.L. Istoriko-kul'turnye istoki fevral'skogo revoliutsionnogo krizisa 1917 g.: idei liderov Progressivnogo bloka [The historical and cultural origins of the February revolutionary crisis of 1917: the ideas of the leaders of the Progressive Bloc]. Dialog so vremenem [Dialogue with time], 2018, № 65, pp. 300–317. (In Russ.) Kocheshkov G.N., Saraeva E.L. Fevral'skii revoliutsionnyi krizis 1917 goda v refleksii liderov Progressivnogo bloka [The February revolutionary crisis of 1917 in the reflection of the leaders of the Progressive Bloc]. Dialog so vremenem, 2019, № 68, pp. 301–317. (In Russ.) Maklakov V.A. Pervaia Gosudarstvennaia duma. Vospominaniia sovremennika 27 aprelia – 8 iulia 1906 g. [The First State Duma. Memories of a contemporary 27 April – 8 July]. Moscow, Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2006a, 335 p. (In Russ.) Maklakov V.A. Vtoraia Gosudarstvennaia duma. Vospominaniia sovremennika. 20 fevralia – 3 iunia 1907 g. [The Second State Duma. Memories of a contemporary 20 February – 3 June]. Moscow, Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2006b, 335 p. (In Russ.) Maklakov V.A. Vospominaniia. Lider moskovskikh kadetov o russkoi politike. 1880–1917 [Memories. The leader of the Moscow cadets about Russian politics. 1880-1917] Moscow, Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2006v, 297 p. URL: https://statehistory.ru/books/Vospominaniya--Lider-moskovskikh-kadetov-o-russkoy-politike--1880-1917 (In Russ.) Maklakov V.A. Vlast' i obshchestvennost' na zakate staroi Rossii (vospominaniia sovremennika) [Power and the public at the sunset of old Russia (memories of a contemporary)]. Parizh, Izd. zhurn. Illiustrirovannaia Rossiia Publ., 1936, ch. 3, otd. 4, 617 p. (In Russ.) Maklakov V.A. Pis'mo V.V. Shul'ginu. Parizh, 6 iunia 1922 goda [Letter to V.V. Shulgin. Paris. 6 June 1922]. Spor o Rossii: V.A. Maklakov – V.V. Shul'gin. Perepiska 1919–1939 gg. [Dispute over Russia: V.A. Maklakov – V.V. Shul'gin. Correspondence 1919-1939]. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2012, pp. 84–92. (In Russ.) Miliukov P.N. Vospominaniia (1859–1917) [Memories 1859–1917]: in 2 vols. Moscow, Sovremennik Publ., 1990, vol. 1, 446 p. (In Russ.) Osnovnye gosudarstvennye zakony [Basic state laws]. Rossiiskoe zakonodatel'stvo X–XX vv. [Russian legislation of the X-XX centuries]. Moscow, Iuridicheskaia literatury Publ., 1994, vol. 9, pp. 43–51. (In Russ.) Smirnov A.F. Gosudarstvennaia duma Rossiiskoi Imperii 1906–1917 gg. [State Duma of the Russian Empire 1906–1917]. Istoriko-pravovoi ocherk [Historical and legal essay]. Moscow, Kniga i biznes Publ., 1998, 624 p. (In Russ.) Solov'ev K.A. Samoderzhavie i konstitutsiia: Politicheskaia povsednevnost' v Rossii v 1906–1917 gg. [Autocracy and constitution: Political everyday life in Russia 1906-1917]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie Publ., 2019, 352 p. (In Russ.) Speranskii M.M. Eshche nechto o svobode i rabstve [Something else about freedom and slavery]. URL: http://az.lib.ru/s/speranskij_m_m/text_1802_esche_nechto_o_svobode.shtml (In Russ.) Stepanov S.A. Kadety (Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaia partiia) [Cadets (Constitutional Democratic Party)]. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriia: Politologiia [Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series: Political Science], 2006, № 8, pp. 75–84. (In Russ.) S’ezdy i konferentsii konstitutsionno-demokraticheskoi partii [Congresses and conferences of the constitutional democratic party], 1905–1920 gg.: in 3 vols. Vol. 1: 1905–1907 gg. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 1997, 744 p. (In Russ.) Shelokhaev V.V. Kadety – glavnaia partiia liberal'noi burzhuazii v bor'be s revoliutsiei 1905–1907 gg. [The Cadets are the main party of the liberal bourgeoisie in the struggle against the revolution]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983, 327 p. (In Russ.) Shelokhaev V.V. Liberalizm v Rossii v nachale ХХ v. [Liberalism at the beginning of the 20th century]. Mosocw, Politicheskaia entsiklopediia Publ., 2019, 503 p. (In Russ.) Shul'gin V.V. Gody. Dni. 1920. [Years. Days. 1920]. Moscow, Novosti Publ., 1990, 832 p. (In Russ.)