• Home >
  • 2020. Vol.26. №2 >
  • Domestic problems of residents of the rear regions of Russia during World War II
Attachments:
Access this URL (/attachments/article/138/Volkova_YY, Volkov_GY_Vestnik_2020_2.pdf)Volkova_YY,
10
Yelena Yu. Volkova
Kostroma State University
Grigoriy Yu. Volkov
Kostroma State Agricultural Academy
Domestic problems of residents of the rear regions of Russia during World War II
Volkova Ye.Yu., Volkov G.Yu. Domestic problems of residents of the rear regions of Russia during World War II. Vestnik of Kostroma State University, 2020, vol. 26, № 2, рp. 97–103. DOI 10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-2-97-103
DOI: 10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-2-97-103
УДК: 94(470)«1941/1945»
Publish date: 2020-03-27
Annotation: To create an objective picture of the achievement of Victory over the Axis powers, it is necessary to analyse the numerous everyday problems faced by workers of the rear regions of Russia. Preferring the analysis of certain aspects of everyday life (firewood harvesting, industrial goods production, public utilities, urban improvement), the authors briefly considered the historiography of the problem. They showed that researchers began to pay attention to this question only from the beginning of the 1970s. Based on archival materials and the recollections of eyewitnesses, it is shown that the war sharply aggravated the already poorly developed sphere of life. Centralised market funds, local repair and construction facilities were reduced, and there was a shortage of qualified personnel, fuel, transport, etc. On the other hand, the attention of the local leadership, especially in 1941-1942, was focused primarily on the mobilisation of all forces to repel the enemy. In 1943-1945, after increasing state allocations for social needs and finding ways out of the current critical situation, domestic problems eased somewhat. The authors come to the conclusion that not only the physical and psychological state of workers depended on solving everyday problems, but the main thing in war conditions was their desire to work for the sake of Victory. Throughout the war, living conditions remained extremely difficult. There were objective and subjective reasons for this. In general, the solution of everyday problems depended on the initiative of the workers themselves, their creativity and resourcefulness.
Keywords: USSR involvement in World War II, rear regions, historiography, household problems: fuel, industrial goods, baths, landscaping.
Literature list: Bakastova G.P. Deyatel`nost` partijny`x organizacij Verxnej Volgi po udovletvoreniyu material`no-by`tovy`x nuzhd tekstil`shhicz v gody` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny [Activity of the party organizations of the Upper Volga on satisfaction of material and household needs of textile workers during the great Patriotic war]. Partijny`e organizacii Verxnej Volgi v gody` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny [Party organizations of the Upper Volga during the great Patriotic war]. Ivanovo, IvPI, 1971, vol. 1, pp. 127–141. (In Russ.) Britov V.M. Zabota partijny`x organizacij Verxnej Volgi o material`nom blagosostoyanii trudyashhixsya v gody` Velikoj otechestvennoj vojny` (yanvar` 1943 – maj 1945) [Care of the party organizations of the Upper Volga about the material welfare of workers during the great Patriotic war (January 1943 – may 1945)]. Partijny`e organizacii Verxnej Volgi v gody` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny` [Party organizations of the Upper Volga during the great Patriotic war]. Ivanovo, IvPI, 1968, vol. 6, pp. 41–63. (In Russ.) By`la vojna…: (k 60-letiyu obrazovaniya Kostromskoj ob-lasti i 60-letiyu Pobedy` v Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojne) [There was a war...: (to the 60th anniversary of the formation of the Kostroma region and the 60th anniversary of Victory in the great Patriotic war)]. Kostroma, 2004, 295 p. (In Russ.) Gorinsky N.N. Deyatel`nost` Sovetov Vostochnoj Sibiri po udovletvoreniyu material`no-by`tovy`x nuzhd truzhenikov ty`la (1941–1945) [Activity of Soviets of Eastern Siberia on satisfaction of material and household needs of home front workers (1941-1945)]. Social`no-politicheskie problemy` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny` 1941-1945 [Socio-political problems of the great Patriotic war of 1941–1945]. Kostroma, KTI, 1992, pp. 3–14. (In Russ.) Gurzhieva A.G. Zabota mestny`x sovetov Gor`kovskoj i Kirovskoj oblastej o material`no-by`tovy`x usloviyax zhizni trudyashhixsya v gody` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny` 1941–1945 gg. [Care of local councils of the Gorky and Kirov regions about the material and living conditions of workers during the great Patriotic war of 1941–1945]. Social`no-politicheskie problemy` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny` 1941–1945 [Socio-political problems of the great Patriotic war of 1941–1945]. Kostroma, KTI, 1992, pp. 92–96. (In Russ.) Zabveniyu ne podlezhit: stranicy Nizhegorodskoj istorii (1941–1945) [Oblivion is not subject to: pages of Nizhny Novgorod history (1941–1945)]. N. Novgorod, Volgo-Vyat. kn. publishing house, 1995, vol. 3, 640 p. (In Russ.) Zinic M.S. Budni voennogo lixolet`ya. [Hhe Everyday life of the war years]. Moscow, Russian a press-service, 1994, vol. 1–2, 143 p. (In Russ.) Zinich M.S. Ispy`tanie i velichie naroda [Test and greatness of the people]. Velikaya otechestvennaya vojna, 1941–1945: Voenno-istoricheskie ocherki [Great Patriotic war. 1941-1945: Military-historical essays]. Moscow, The science, 1999, vol. 3, рр. 348–363. (In Russ.) Zinich M.S. Lyudi i vlast`: reshenie social`ny`x problem v gody` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny` [People and power: the solution of social problems during the great Patriotic war]. Lichnost`, obshhestvo i vlast` v istorii Rossii: Sistemny`j komporativny`j analiz [Personality, society and power in the history of Russia: a Systematic comparative analysis]. Moscow, Publishing house of RUDN, 1998, рp. 305–309. (In Russ.) Isupov V.A., Alekseev V.V. Naselenie Sibiri v gody` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny` [Population of Siberia during the great Patriotic war]. Novosibirsk, Science, Sib. department, 1985, 232 p. (In Russ.) Kozhurin V.S. Narod i vlast` (1941–1945) [People and power (1941–1945)]. New document. Moscow, RAGS, 1995, 145 p. (In Russ.) Kochneva F.I. Trudovy`e podvigi zhenshhin Stavropol`ya v gody` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny`, 1941–1945 [Labor feats of women of Stavropol region during the great Patriotic war, 1941-1945]. Rabochij klass i sovremenny`j mir [Hhe working class and the modern world], 1979, № 5, pp. 52–57. (In Russ.) Leontieva M.G. Material`no-by`tovy`e usloviya zhenshhin-rabotnicz v 1941–1945 gg. [Material and living conditions of women workers in 1941–1945]. Narody` Sibiri v Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojne [Peoples of Siberia in the great Patriotic war]. Kyzyl, Townehouse, 1973, pp. 144–155. (In Russ.) Materialy` k otchetu ispolkoma Ivanovskogo oblastnogo Soveta deputatov trudyashhixsya za 1940–1947 gg. [Materials for the report of the Executive Committee of the Ivanovo regional Council of workers' deputies for 1940–1947]. Ivanovo, Kn. publishing house, 1947, 72 p. (In Russ.) Merzlyakova G.V. Geroini vtorogo fronta: O vklade zhenshhin avtonomny`x respublik RSFSR v pobedu v Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojne [Heroines of the second front: on the contribution of women of the Autonomous republics of the RSFSR to the victory in the great Patriotic war]. Izhevsk, Publishing house of the Udm. un-ta, 1992, 138 p. (In Russ.) Morechina G. Partijnoe stroitel`stvo v period Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny` Sovetskogo Soyuza 1941–1945 gg. [Party building during the period of the great Patriotic war of the Soviet Union 1941–1945]. M., The science, 1986, 391 p. (In Russ.) Narodnoe xozyajstvo SSSR v Velikoj otechestvennoj vojne, 1941–1945 gg. [National economy of the USSR in the great Patriotic war, 1941–1945]. M., Goskomstat of the USSR, 1990, 235 p. (In Russ.) Nash gorod dolzhen by`t` chisty`m i kul`turny`m [Our city should be clean and cultured]. Severnaya Pravda, 1943, Apr. 13. O blagoustrojstve nashix gorodov [About the improvement of our cities]. Pravda, 1944, June 7. (In Russ.) Potemkina M.N. Rol` deneg v strategiyax vy`zhivaniya sovetskogo cheloveka: okkupirovanny`e territorii i sovetskij ty`l [Hhe Role of money in the strategies of survival of the Soviet man: occupied territories and the Soviet rear]. Vojna v istorii i sud`bax narodov yuga Rossii (k 70-letiyu nachala Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny`). [War in the history and fate of the peoples of southern Russia (to the 70th anniversary of the beginning of the great Patriotic war)]. Rostov n/D, Publishing house of SSC RAS, 2011, pp. 245–250. (In Russ.) Serebryanskaya G.V. Promy`shlennost` i kadry` Volgo-Vyatskogo regiona Rossijskoj Federacii v k. 30 – 1-j pol.40-x gg. XX veka [Industry and personnel of the Volga-Vyatka region of the Russian Federation in k. 30 –1st floor. 40s of the XX century]. N. Novgorod, NGASI, 2003, 476 p. (In Russ.) Solovyov A. O sanitarnom sostoyanii goroda [About the sanitary state of the city]. Severnaya Pravda, 1942, March 4. (In Russ.) Shalak A.V. Usloviya zhizni i by`ta naseleniya Vostochnoj Sibiri v gody` Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny` (1941–1945) [Conditions of life and life of the population of Eastern Siberia during the great Patriotic war (1941–1945)]. Irkutsk, IGEA, 1998, 183 p. (In Russ.)
Author's info: Yelena Yu. Volkova, ORCID 0000-0003-3291-6147, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Kostroma State University, Kostroma, Russia E-mail: v-0-8@yandex.ru
Co-author's info: Grigoriy Yu. Volkov, ORCID 0000-0002-0296-4001, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Kostroma State Agricultural Academy, Russia E-mail: grisha.volkov.53@inbox.ru